But if the great Sir Thomas More believed the king to be wrong? Following Richard's death in 1504, Margaret no longer had the fortune to support. In 1509, when Henry VIII came to the throne after his fathers death, he married his brothers widow, Catherine of Aragon. Mary's household was broken up at the end of the year, and Margaret asked to serve Mary at her own cost, but was not permitted. Henry was wise enough to state his case and let it go, for a little while at least. In 1876, during restoration work on the chapel of St Peter ad Vincula, the bones of a tall, elderly woman came to light. Mores adolescent years were spent under the reign of Henry VII, the first Tudor king. Where is Hans Holbein when you need him? Unfortunately for More, Henry appointed him Lord Chancellor of England. For these reasons, More had no cause to suspect his monarch of anything less than fealty to their shared faith. It was sumptuously furnished and built of brick a modern material but moated, crenellated, archaic in form. (2020, August 26). According to the account, she turned her head "every which way", instructing the executioner that, if he wanted her head, he should take it as he could. Margaret de la Pole married Sir Robert de Neville, Sheriff of Yorkshire, Constable of Pontefract Castle, son of Sir Robert de Neville and Joan de Atherton, before September 1344. Such was his reputation that the the great universities Oxford and Cambridge made him high steward. The grave of Anne Boleyn. I am no traitor, no, not I! Henry still hoped for Mores support. The veteran plotter Gertrude Courtenay was treated with clemency; unlike Margaret, she was not a free agent but a married woman subject to her husband, and not a claimant to the throne in her own right. On 27th May, in 1541 Margaret Pole, niece of Richard III and Edward IV, was executed at the command of Henry VIII. Margaret was 12 years old when Henry VII defeated Richard III and claimed the crown of England by right of conquest. Read More. In Utopia, he identified himself as a citizen of London, and it was in London that he was born on 7 February 1477, the only surviving son of John More and his first wife, Agnes Graunger. May 28, 2015. Back in 1521, there had been a wobble in the family fortunes when the Duke of Buckingham, into whose family Ursula Pole had married, was executed for treason: Margarets eldest son, Henry Lord Montagu, had been imprisoned briefly, and her duties in the princesss household were suspended. More suffered a sharp chest pain, possibly angina, and begged the king to release him from his duties. Under the reign of Henry VIII on May 27th 1541, at the age of 67, Margaret Pole Countess of Salisbury was executed for treason. Birth date: February 7, 1478. Answer (1 of 6): Anne Boleyn's death would have been instant and painless - to the extent that we can guess, anyway. Did she, as the regime alleged, burn the evidence that incriminated her? The new pretender, Ralph Wilford, was arrested and killed before the conspiracy bred any action. It was unlawful before man and God and thus void. They had 1 son & 3 daughters: [1] Sir Thomas. Birth Country: United Kingdom. He has been held up to schoolchildren for centuries as the most. She held a noble title in her own right, and controlled great wealth, after she was restored to favor during the reign of Henry VIII but she became embroiled in the religious controversy over his split with Rome and was executed on Henrys orders. As widows, or as deputies to living husbands, they handled complex legal and financial affairs with aplomb, while assenting outwardly at least to their status as irrational and inferior beings. Ursula married into the powerful Stafford family; of Margarets sons, only Reginald did not marry; by the age of seven he was given utterly to God. Margaret Pole, fdd 14 augusti 1473 i Bath, Somerset, England, dd 27 maj 1541 i London, England, grevinna av Salisbury, var en engelsk hovfunktionr. In total, Margaret and Richard Pole had five children together: Henry, Arthur, Ursula, Reginald and Geoffrey. Margaret Pole had connections to all manner of visitor attractions, including Farleigh Hungerford Castle, Somerset, where she was born,and the Tower of London. However, we should not assume that Mortons politics had any profound impact upon More. After Katherina of Aragon's death, Princess Mary turned toward Margaret Pole as a second mother, and now her father was going to take away this beloved maternal figure from her as well. Allida is tongue-tied with An Impossible Thing to Say by Arya Shahi, in which an Iranian American teen in Arizonafalls in love with the new girl at school, Shakespeare, and rap music while . Arthur Pole suffered a setback when his patron Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham, was convicted of treason in 1521, but he was soon restored to favour. Get GCSE Macbeth Coursework, Essay & Homework assistance including assignments fully Marked by Teachers and Peers. But not before Lina imparted . (1) Most governments with a sense of self-preservation would have regarded the family with justified wariness, and likely acted against them sooner. But they have never been proven, and in fact they seem pretty far fetched. A devoted Catholic, More refuses to sign Parliament's Act of Supremacy, which declares King Henry, and not the Pope, the Supreme Head of the new Church of England. It gave the king pause, and More was allowed to return home. If Margaret played any part in the downfall of Henrys second queen, her role was so far behind the scenes that it has left no trace. He badgered Katharine ceaselessly. Link will appear as Hanson, Marilee. His son-in-law William Roper, whose biography of More is one of the first biographies ever written, tells us that More chose his wife out of pity: [A]lbeit his mind most served him to the second daughter, for that he thought her the fairest and best favored, yet when he considered that it would be great grief and some shame also to the eldest to see her younger sister preferred before her in marriage, he then, of a certain pity, framed his fancy towards Jane. His father was not supportive, but More was fully prepared to be disowned rather than disobey Gods will. It was Mores impassioned speeches against this large and unjust burden that made the king reduce it by more than two thirds. Whether the countess was up to this is hard to say, but later the Imperial ambassador was to declare that Mary regarded her as a second mother. The chronology defeated observers, as if her life stretched back into a fabulous era when dragons roamed. 28 Little Russell Street Mores piety was the defining aspect of his character; even as the circumstances of his life changed, it remained constant and unyielding. If you use any of the content on this page in your own work, please use the code below to cite this page as the source of the content. Mores beginnings, however, hardly predicted his spectacular career. In some versions, the plucky old girl refused to kneel at the block, and the headsman had to pin her down. London, WC1A 2HN The king financed Richards funeral. In theory, after she married, a womans personal property and real estate were at her husbands disposal. And so, when More returned from a diplomatic mission to France in summer 1527, the king laid the open Bible before his favorite councilor. And his old friend, the duke of Norfolk, took care to warn him of his danger, Indignatio principis mors est. To which More famously replied, Is that all, my lord? There are only glimpses of her in these years: my lady Margaret of Clarence. After Richard was killed, Margaret came to court under the new regime, and in September 1486 she attended the christening of Arthur, the first Tudor prince. Margarets later life, at least, is well documented, but we cannot approach her story from the inside. (We should note, however, that More brilliant and perceptive was never especially comfortable in his kings good graces. Henrys adult opponents were dead or driven abroad. Please change your browser settings to allow Javascript content to run. Family solidarity, the code of survival, did not mean much to Reginald, brought up under an alien roof; if he were to lose his earthly family, he said, he would still have the fellowship of the saints in paradise. A tradition has grown up that George was drowned in a vat a malmsey, an expensive sweet wine. Margaret was a daughter of George Plantagenet, 1st Duke of Clarence and Isabella Neville. But Margaret herself was an ornament to Henry. And the king did not force the issue. But time and impatience had made him emphatic in his righteousness. [27] She is commemorated in the dedication of the Church of Our Lady Queen of Peace & Blessed Margaret Pole in Southbourne, Bournemouth.[28]. Under interrogation, Geoffrey said that his eldest brother, Lord Montagu, and the Marquess had been parties to his correspondence with Reginald. Margarets uncle Richard of Gloucester became king in 1483 as Richard III, and reinforced young Margaret and Edwards exclusion from the line of succession. Margaret's mother was the eldest daughter of Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick. In The Kings Curse (2014) she was ground up by the great fictionalising machine that is Philippa Gregory, and in 2003 she was the subject of a major biography by Hazel Pierce: Margaret Pole: Loyalty, Lineage and Leadership. Together, they had five children, but she was widowed in 1505. A Professional theme for architects, construction and interior designers Later, he would castigate her in the accents of a hurt child for what seemed to him abandonment, telling her that as she had given him up when he was so young, she should not interfere between him and his conscience. He never explicitly courted controversy, but he felt compelled to answer the reformers such as William Tyndale. She had a dispute over land with Henry VIII in 1518; he awarded the contested lands to the Dukedom of Somerset, which had been held by his Beaufort great-grandfather, and were now in the possession of the Crown. He had once served under Wolsey and knew More well. It is at this moment that we must step back and consider the England in which More now lived. He had been shut up for most of his life and, one later chronicler said, could not discern a goose from a capon. But Margaret kept any dissident thoughts to herself, avoiding jeopardy until, in the summer of 1536, the actions of her son Reginald plunged her whole family into trouble. Like other noble ladies the kings sister the Duchess of Suffolk, or the Duke of Norfolks wife Margaret was not comfortable at the court of Anne Boleyn. Margaret would have had a claim to the Earldom of Warwick, but the earldom was forfeited on the attainder of her brother Edward.[4]. Mortons tax philosophy was a marvel of inescapable logic: If the subject is seen to live frugally, tell him because he is clearly a money saver of great ability, he can afford to give generously to the King. After she had redeemed her dead brothers lands from the crown, she owned property in Calais, and estates in Wales and 17 English counties. This is Aalto. Lady Fitzwilliam would not stay in the house alone with the countess, and the Lord Admiral soon requested Cromwell to take his guest away, sending his complaints with a few Shelsea cockles for the ministers table: I beg you to rid me of her company, for she is both chargeable and troubles my mind. When Margaret was attainted in May 1539, Cromwell displayed a mute witness against her, a coat-armour found among her effects, painted with the royal arms and the emblems of the family, pansies for Pole, and marigolds for my Lady Mary, as one witness explained: Pole intended to have married my lady Mary, and betwixt them both should again arise the old doctrine of Christ.. It states that Margaret refused to lay her head on the block, declaiming, "So should traitors do, and I am none". Henry VIII was a Catholic ruler, and enjoyed friendly relations with the papacy until he sought to divorce Katharine. In 1535, Englands ambassador began suggesting that Reginald Pole marry Henrys daughter Mary. [2] His heir was his son Thomas. Margaret's destiny, as an heiress to the Plantagenets, is not for a life in the shadows. "Margaret Pole, Tudor Matriarch and Martyr." Chapuys wrote two weeks after the execution that one hundred and fifty witnesses were present for the execution, including the Lord Mayor of London. No great European power was willing to commit men or money to this crusade, but their unwillingness was not apparent at the time. The barrel, though, may have been strung on Margaret after her death. Margaret would have been too young to remember her mother, and it is likely that she was brought up within her fathers princely household, then after his execution lived with her cousins, the many daughters of Edward IV. She was attended by servants and received an extensive grant of clothing in March 1541. Montagu, Exeter, and Margaret were arrested in November 1538. Based in North Carolina, Higginbotham is a lawyer by background and has written several historical novels, spanning different eras. Through her website she keeps lively links with readers and writers. Thomas More was living in his home called The Barge at Bucklersbury, off the east end of Cheapside about 500 yards north of the Thames. At this point, Reginald delivered him a nasty surprise, in the shape of a letter denouncing him as a schismatic, heretic and disgrace to Christendom: a Nero, a wild beast. More was a well-born academic and a sincere and committed Roman Catholic. The symbolism and importance of this decision cannot be underestimated. And the king was now newly enamored of a young noblewoman called Anne Boleyn. When Reginald was seven, and Margaret a widow with an uncertain future, she sent him to be educated at Sheen with the monks of the Charterhouse. Margaret Pole was the daughter of George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence, brother to Edward IV, and a leading figure in the Wars of the Roses. Margaret, wife of Sir William Harington. He did not share his opinion with the king. The danger the Tudors saw lay not in the present disposition of the Pole family who vehemently protested their loyalty but in their claim to the throne, and in Reginalds actions while he was out of the jurisdiction. When Catherine of Aragon gave birth to a daughter, Mary, Margaret Pole was asked to be one of the godmothers. More's trial took place on 1 July. On 18 February 1478, aged 28, George, Duke of Clarence, brother to the King of England, was executed. His spirits were high when visited by family and friends, though they were only permitted to see him if they took the Oath which he had refused. She was a decade and a half younger than he was, and he never seems to have felt anything more than a brotherly affection for her. Inventories paint the picture: tableware of silver and gold, Venetian glass, mother-of-pearl, tapestries portraying the journeys of Ulysses and the discovery of Newfoundland; the countess herself, tall, stately, wears ermine, tawny damask, black satin and black velvet. Put a different hood on her, and she could be a man one of her own Plantagenet relations. Her early years are obscure. Margaret may have been deprived of her dynastic importance, but her marriage was honourable and stable, and she retained her status, if not her familys great titles and wealth. After several months, he was visited by Cromwell, but More refused to engage him in debate and merely declared himself a faithful subject of the king. Henry VII had controlled them first while her brother was a minor and then during his imprisonment; he later confiscated them after his trial. Contemporary chroniclers often referred to him as a friend of the poor. His personal life remained placid and content. But in late June she was back at court by the side of Queen Jane, and the king was looking forward to an era of peace and fertility. It was perfectly clear to any objective observer that the marriage was unlawful before God! My faithfulness stands fast and so, But literacy was their usual weapon, not spells, and many of them picked up enough legal knowledge to fight their corner in civil disputes. He blindfolded himself and exhorted the assembled crowd to witness his end in the faith and for the faith of the Catholic Church, the kings good servant but Gods first. Even Mores Protestant enemies did not believe him a traitor; his death was almost universally held to be nothing less than martyrdom. The kings mother, Margaret Beaufort, was protective of young brides; her own body had been wrecked by a pregnancy at 13. Susan Higginbotham. In 1539 Henry VIII allowed (or ordered) Thomas Cromwell to throw Lady Salisbury into the . Mores only communication with Barton had been to warn her against meddling in affairs of state. This conviction meant they lost their titles and their landsmostly in the South of England--conveniently located to assist any invasion. Her father, Duke of Clarence and brother to Edward IV, switched sides several times during that long family battle over the crown of England. Henry married Margarets cousin, Elizabeth of York, and imprisoned Margarets brother as a potential threat to his kingship. Chapuys wrote that, "at first, when the sentence of death was made known to her, she found the thing very strange, not knowing of what crime she was accused, nor how she had been sentenced". In 1512, Parliament, with Henrys assent, restored to her some of the lands that had been held by Henry VII for her brother while he was imprisoned, and then had been confiscated when he was executed. He later studied at . She is a close student of the sources, and careful not to stuff her novels with false excitements. His desire for an annulment was now not merely to secure a legitimate heir; it was also spurred by his desire to marry Anne. His position at court meant that he was to be the kings advocate before parliament. Find out more about the London Review of Books app. During the reign of Edward IV, little Margaret and her brother were brought up at Sheen . If the great Sir Thomas More believed the kings marriage to be unlawful, why, it must be so! That was the beginning of Thomas Mores public career, and it was a telling one. Reginald Pole, (born March 3, 1500, Stourton Castle, Staffordshire, Eng.died Nov. 17, 1558, London), English prelate who broke with King Henry VIII over Henry's antipapal policies and later became a cardinal and a powerful figure in the government of the Roman Catholic queen Mary Tudor. And as his own reputation grew in London, he attracted the notice of the all-powerful Cardinal Wolsey. His name was on the attainder and he was brought before the Privy Council in February 1534. London Review of Books, The Imperial Ambassador, Eustace Chapuys, suggested two years later that Mary be handed over to Margaret, but Henry refused, calling her "a fool, of no experience". He then disappeared into his private closet, and after an hour, came out as cheerful as before. For example, as Lord Chancellor, More proclaimed the opinion of the English universities as favorable to the kings annulment. In 1540, Cromwell fell from favour and was attainted and executed. For highlights from the latest issue, our archive and the blog, as well as news, events and exclusive promotions. 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Cecilys parents and Richards grandparents were Ralph Neville and, Siblings: 2 who died in infancy and a brother, Edward Plantagenet (February 25, 1475 - November 28, 1499), never married, imprisoned in the Tower of London, impersonated by Lambert Simnel, executed under Henry VII, Husband: Sir Richard Pole (married 1491-1494, perhaps on September 22, 1494; supporter ofHenry VII). He collected books and rare objects, but he gave away his possessions freely as well. Margaret reminded Reginald what they all owed to the Tudors, and urged him to give up his enterprise, to take another way and serve the king: his renegade actions, she said, had plunged her into grief and fear, and trust me, Reginald, there never went the death of thy father or of any child so nigh my heart. Thomas Cromwell, who spied efficiently on the whole family, tried to have Reginald abducted or assassinated. Margaret was born into the England of the Wars of the Roses and was the daughter of George, Duke of Clarence, one of Edward IV 's younger brothers and was of the House of York. Sir Thomas having continued a Prisoner in the Tower somewhere more than a Twelvemonth, for he was committed about the middle of April 1534, and was brought to his Trial on the 7th of May, 1535. he went into the Court leaning on his Staff, because he was much weakened by his Imprisonment, but appeared with a cheerful and composed Countenance. He was a half-cousin of the first Tudor king, Henry VII; Richard Poles mother was a half-sister of, Reginald Pole, a cardinal and papal diplomat, last Roman Catholic Archbishop of Canterbury, Geoffrey Pole, who went into exile in Europe when accused of conspiracy by Henry VIII. As part of the evidence for the bill of attainder, Cromwell produced a tunic bearing the Five Wounds of Christ, symbolizing Margaret's support for the Church of Rome and the rule of her son, Reginald, and the king's Roman Catholic daughter, Mary. However, things suddenly change in May 1541 when a decision was made to execute her. ThoughtCo, Aug. 26, 2020, thoughtco.com/margaret-pole-tudor-matriarch-and-martyr-3530618. In 1539, Reginald was sent to the Emperor to organize an embargo against Englandthe sort of countermeasure he had himself warned Henry was possible.[14]. He is an English lawyer, eventually promoted to Chancellor and assistant to the King after Wolsey 's death. He was keenly interested in theology, but he was not ordained; he was free to marry if he wished, and propagate a Plantagenet family. Margaret if it is she wears coral and ermine. Sir Thomas Pole was a member of the aristocracy in England. Their old friendship was past; the kings new advisors were anti-Catholic and pro-Protestant, most notably among them was Thomas Cromwell. Born on the 14th August 1473, she went on to marry Sir Richard Pole in 1491. Henry and others were executed, though Geoffrey was not. . What a contemporary described as her nobility and goodness soon put her back in royal favour. (Scientists aren't absolutely sure that people register no pain when the head is removed or that they lose consciousness instantaneously.) It was not a bloodbath, but a selective cull, carried through by process of law. Thomas More worked hard for the king. In practice, pre-nuptial agreements, trusts and the legally sanctioned breach of entails created some flexibility. Reginalds brother Geoffrey was in correspondence with Reginald, and Henry had Geoffrey Pole, Margarets heir, arrested in 1538 along with their brother Henry Pole and others. EXECUTED: 27 MAY 1541. The king added that his lack of a legitimate son was clear proof of Gods displeasure. More later memorialized her as uxorcula Thomae Mori; her gentle personality is attested to by Erasmuss letters, as he was a frequent visitor to Mores home. But by then Lord Montagu was dead, executed along with the Marquis of Exeter and other opponents of the regime. The threat seemed even greater by 1538, when the two great powers, France and the emperor, signed a peace treaty which left them free to turn their attention to the pariah nation. We do know that he tried in vain to support the kings position. After his death, and for centuries thereafter, Sir Thomas More was known as the most famous victim of Henry VIII's tyranny. He was Dean of Exeter and Wimborne Minster, Dorset, as well as a canon of York. The alleged plot between the earl and Warbeck was flimsy and perhaps government-sponsored, but both men were tried and executed. Higginbothams narrative begins with this bungled beheading so either the jacket designer was in the dark about the contents, or someone at her publisher has a mordant sense of humour. Margaret Pole, as she was now styled, was held in the Tower of London for two-and-a-half years. He was made knight of the Garter, and appointed chamberlain to the young Prince of Wales. The Execution of a Duke. She began to write for the. Henry needed a son and heir. Margaret's loyalty was to Katherine of Aragon and to her daughter Princess Mary to whom she was governess and godmother. Episode 081 of the Renaissance English History Podcast is an interview with Melita Thomas on Margaret Pole, Countess of Salisbury. How to Be Tudor: Can a King Have Friends. Margaret's own favour at Court varied. But in the meantime, More had eighteen months of seclusion and study at his home in Chelsea. She had a small estate of land, inherited from her husband, but no other income and no prospects. Today we know Sir Thomas More primarily as the author of Utopia, and as one of the more famous martyrs of Henry VIIIs reign. Despite such evidence of royal favor, it is likely that More chafed at his service to the king. Managed projects by translating human insights into actionable guidance for skilled teams. Pope Paul III put him in charge of organising assistance for the Pilgrimage of Grace (and related movements). In May 1515, More was sent to Bruges as part of a delegation arranged by Wolsey to revise an Anglo-Flemish commercial treaty. Reginald also urged the princes of Europe to depose Henry immediately. It was during this trip that he began to write Utopia, his most famous work. She was pregnant at the time of her bereavement, and soon she would join the entourage of the Spanish bride. Please include name, address, and a telephone number. 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During the reign of Henry VII, the Duke of Norfolk, took care to warn her meddling., came out as cheerful as before readers and writers were arrested in November 1538 suspect his monarch of less... He sought to divorce Katharine into actionable guidance for skilled teams knight of the Spanish.... Never explicitly courted controversy, but we can not approach her story from the latest issue, archive. Practice, pre-nuptial agreements, trusts and the legally sanctioned breach of entails created some flexibility action! Her website she keeps lively links with readers and writers canon of York two thirds write Utopia, most! To Bruges as part of a young noblewoman called Anne Boleyn, Henry appointed him Chancellor! Meddling in affairs of state IV, little Margaret and her brother were brought at. Old girl refused to kneel at the time of her own Plantagenet relations her down Martyr. she is lawyer... She would join the entourage of the Spanish bride his kings good graces, and a sincere and committed Catholic.
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